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Can Endometriosis Cause Cancer?

UPDATED ON 04 OCT. 2024

Endometriosis and the Fear of Cancer

Endometriosis often triggers a fear of cancer in patients due to the association of elevated CA 125 levels, which can be misinterpreted as an indicator of ovarian cancer.
Can Endometriosis cause Cancer

AUTHOR

Dr Jay Mehta

Scientific Director & IVF Specialist with 10+ years of experience

CONDITION

Endometriosis

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The Role of CA 125 in Endometriosis

It is common for patients with Endometriosis to have elevated CA 125 levels. This elevation occurs because of the severe involvement of the peritoneal lining, which is covered with Endometriotic lesions. The internet can often mislead patients into associating elevated CA 125 with ovarian cancer, increasing their anxiety.
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High CA 125 Levels in Ruptured Ovarian Endometriosis

In women who experience ruptured Endometriosis of the ovary and ignore the pain by opting for medical management, CA 125 levels can sometimes exceed 800 IU. While these elevated levels are concerning, they are often a result of Endometriosis rather than cancer.

The Risk of Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer in Long-Standing Endometriosis

Although the fear of cancer is generally unwarranted, prolonged and untreated Endometriosis can lead to a rare form of ovarian malignancy called Clear Cell Cancer. This risk is significant for patients with long-standing disease.

Occurrence of Clear Cell Cancer in Endometriosis Patients

Performing over 2,500 endometriosis surgeries each year, Dr. Jay Mehta, a top excisional endometriosis surgeon in India, identifies around 3-4 cases of clear cell ovarian cancer annually, typically related to long-term endometriosis.
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Ultrasound Detection of Ovarian Malignancy

In cases where clear cell cancer develops, it may appear as an irregular solid mass on an ultrasound during pre-surgery evaluations. The malignancy is often confined to the ovary, particularly in masses larger than 7 cm.

Risk Factors for Clear Cell Cancer in Endometriosis

The risk of developing Clear Cell Cancer is highest for women with ovarian masses over 7 cm in size and for those who have been kept on prolonged medical management without proper surgical intervention.

Conclusion

While elevated CA 125 levels can be a source of anxiety for Endometriosis patients, it is crucial to understand that this elevation is typically related to the disease’s impact on the pelvic lining rather than cancer.

However, prolonged and untreated Endometriosis can lead to the rare development of clear cell ovarian cancer. Early surgical intervention and monitoring are key to reducing this risk.

AUTHOR

Dr Jay Mehta

Scientific Director & IVF Specialist with 10+ years of experience

CONDITION

Endometriosis

CALL US 24/7 FOR ANY HELP

1800-268-4000

GET IN TOUCH ON

Whatsapp

Recommended Reading

Can Endometriosis Come Back After Surgery?

Can Endometriosis Come Back After Surgery?

Feb 6, 2026

Endometriosis may return after surgery, as there’s no guaranteed way to stop it completely. But you can take steps to stay aware and support your health.

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