Uterine Fibroid Treatment in Mumbai – Advanced Fertility & Uterus-Preserving Care

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous (benign) growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus.

Many women with fibroids have no symptoms and may not need treatment. However, fibroids that cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, infertility, recurrent miscarriage, pressure on nearby organs, or rapid growth may require treatment.

Depending on the size, location, and your pregnancy plans, treatment may include monitoring, medication, or fertility-preserving laparoscopic myomectomy.

An experienced gynecologist can recommend the most suitable treatment after a detailed evaluation.

At Shree IVF and Endometriosis Clinic in Mumbai, Dr. Jay Mehta and his team specialise in fibroid surgery that removes the leiomyoma while keeping your womb completely intact. Most patients go home the next day.

Book a consultation: 1800-268-4000 or WhatsApp 099209 14115

Uterine fibroids, medically known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths of the uterine muscle (myometrium) that form inside or around the womb (uterus).

They are very common and affect many women during their 20s, 30s, and 40s.

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends entirely on your symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and whether you plan to become pregnant in the future.

Small leiomyomas that are not causing any trouble only need regular monitoring.

Fibroids that cause heavy bleeding (menorrhagia), pain, or fertility problems can be removed through simple, minimally invasive surgery that keeps your womb safe and intact.

Dr. Jay Mehta, MBBS, DNB (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), has over 15 years of experience in fibroid and leiomyoma surgery, including complex cases with multiple fibroids, large myomas, and fibroids in women trying to get pregnant.

What makes the approach at Shree IVF and Endometriosis Hospital different:

• We protect your womb. In the large majority of cases, leiomyomas can be removed without removing the womb. We do not recommend hysterectomy (removal of the womb) unless it is truly the only option.

• We use 3D fibroid mapping. A regular scan shows that a myoma exists. Our 3D map shows exactly where every fibroid sits and whether it is affecting the endometrial cavity where a baby would grow.

• We offer all three minimally invasive methods. Hysteroscopic resection, laparoscopic (keyhole) myomectomy, and robotic surgery are all available in one place. We choose based on your fibroid, not on which is easier for the surgeon.

• We handle complex cases. Multiple leiomyomas, fibroids with endometriosis, and fibroids linked to repeated IVF failure are all cases we handle routinely.

A fibroid (uterine leiomyoma) is rarely dangerous. In over 99.7% of cases, it is a benign (non-cancerous) growth of uterine muscle tissue that will not turn into cancer.

What "benign" means in simple words:

Benign means the growth is harmless and will not spread to other parts of the body.

A leiomyoma is extra muscle tissue that grows in or around the womb. It is not the same as a cancerous tumour, even though both are sometimes called "growths."

The rare cancerous version is called a leiomyosarcoma and looks different on scans.

Some fibroids cause no trouble at all. Others cause heavy periods (menorrhagia) or pain (dysmenorrhea).

In a small number of cases, fibroids interfere with getting pregnant. The good news is that all of these problems have effective treatments and the womb can almost always be preserved.

When to see a doctor quickly:

• You are soaking more than 3 pads per day during your periods (this is clinical menorrhagia)
• Your haemoglobin has dropped below 8 gm% due to iron deficiency anaemia
• You have bleeding after menopause
• A fibroid or leiomyoma is growing after menopause

Fibroid symptoms depend on where the leiomyoma sits in the womb and how big it is.

Some women with large myomas have no symptoms at all, while some women with small fibroids have very heavy bleeding (menorrhagia).

Symptom Checker:

Check whether your symptoms match common fibroid patterns. If two or more symptoms apply to you, a specialist evaluation in Mumbai is the right next step.

Heavy periods (menorrhagia) happen because certain fibroids grow inside the endometrial cavity or make the inner lining of the womb (endometrium) larger than normal, causing more bleeding each month.

Fibroids that sit inside the womb cavity, even small ones of just 1 to 2 cm, are the main cause of flooding or very heavy bleeding.

Large fibroids in the myometrium (womb muscle wall) can also press on the endometrium and cause similar problems.

If heavy or irregular periods have been affecting your daily life, a fibroid evaluation is an important first step.

Once the leiomyoma is removed, periods return to normal in most cases from the very next cycle.

Fibroids on the front wall of the womb sit very close to the bladder, and even a small myoma can press on it and cause frequent urination.

Many women think they have a urine infection and take antibiotics repeatedly, only to find later that a fibroid is the real cause.

A simple ultrasound scan can show whether a leiomyoma is pressing on the bladder. Women who experience urge or stress incontinence alongside fibroid-related bladder pressure should have both conditions evaluated together.

Once the fibroid is removed, bladder symptoms usually disappear completely.

Yes, fibroids on the back wall of the womb (posterior leiomyoma) can press on pelvic nerves and cause lower back pain, and large or cervical fibroids can cause deep pain during sex (dyspareunia).

The type of fibroid depends on where it grows in or around the womb. Location matters far more than size, and the FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) classification system ranks fibroids from Type 0 (fully inside the cavity) to Type 8 (rare locations) based on exactly how deep the leiomyoma sits within the uterine wall.

The golden rule of fibroid treatment:

The location of a fibroid is often more important than its size.

For example, a 1 cm submucosal fibroid (FIGO Type 0) inside the uterine cavity may affect fertility or prevent pregnancy, while an 8 cm subserosal fibroid (FIGO Type 6) on the outer surface of the uterus may cause few symptoms and not require surgery.

This is why every fibroid should be evaluated based on its location, symptoms, and your fertility goals, not size alone.

Submucosal fibroids (FIGO Types 0, 1, and 2) grow inside or just beneath the lining of the uterus (endometrial cavity), where pregnancy begins.

Although they are less common than other types, they are the most likely to cause heavy menstrual bleeding and fertility problems.

Even a small submucosal fibroid measuring 1–2 cm can interfere with embryo implantation, increase the risk of miscarriage, or reduce IVF success.

Because these fibroids are located inside the uterine cavity, they are often recommended for treatment when they cause symptoms or affect fertility.

The good news is these fibroids are removed through the vagina with absolutely no cuts on the tummy in a procedure called hysteroscopic resection (or transcervical resection of fibroid, TCRF) that takes about 30 to 60 minutes. Most women return home within 24 hours.

Type at a glance

• FIGO Types: 0, 1, 2
• Location: Inside or just beneath the uterine cavity
• Common symptoms: Heavy periods, infertility, recurrent miscarriage
• Treatment: Hysteroscopic myomectomy (no external cuts)
• Recovery: Usually home within 24 hours

Intramural fibroids (FIGO Types 3, 4, and 5) grow within the thick myometrium (muscle wall) of the womb and are the most common type of leiomyoma found on routine ultrasound scans.

Small intramural fibroids under 3 cm are usually safe to monitor. Those above 4 to 5 cm, or those that begin to press into the endometrial cavity, may need to be removed, especially if you are trying to get pregnant.

When treatment is needed, laparoscopic (keyhole) myomectomy is often recommended to remove the fibroid while preserving the uterus.

Type at a glance:

• FIGO Classification: Types 3, 4, 5
• Location: Within the uterine myometrium (womb muscle wall)
• Main problems: Heavy periods, pelvic heaviness, fertility impact if large
• Treatment: Laparoscopic (keyhole) myomectomy
• Recovery: Home in 1 to 2 days, full routine in 2 to 3 weeks

Subserosal fibroids (FIGO Types 6 and 7) grow on the outer serosal surface of the womb, pointing outward into the tummy, and they rarely cause menorrhagia (heavy bleeding).

These leiomyomas cause pressure symptoms when they grow large, such as feeling a need to urinate frequently, constipation, or a swollen-looking tummy.

Fibroids under 5 cm that are not causing symptoms are usually safe to monitor. Those above 6 to 7 cm that cause discomfort are removed through keyhole myomectomy surgery.

Type at a glance:

• FIGO Classification: Types 6, 7
• Location: Outside the womb on the outer (serosal) surface
• Main problems: Pressure on the bladder or bowel, abdominal swelling, pelvic discomfort
• Treatment: Laparoscopic myomectomy (keyhole)
• Recovery: Usually home in 1–2 days

A pedunculated fibroid is a type of uterine fibroid that grows on a thin stalk, similar to a mushroom attached to the uterus.

Depending on its location, it may grow either on the outer surface of the uterus or inside the uterine cavity.

Most pedunculated fibroids are not a medical emergency and may only require regular monitoring if they are small and symptom-free.

However, in rare cases, the stalk can twist (known as torsion), cutting off the fibroid's blood supply. This can cause sudden, severe pelvic or abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting and requires urgent medical evaluation and treatment.

If a pedunculated fibroid is large, causes persistent symptoms, or has a higher risk of twisting, your specialist may recommend laparoscopic myomectomy to remove it while preserving the uterus.

Type at a glance: 

• Location: Attached to the uterus by a thin stalk
• Common symptoms: Often none; may cause pelvic pain or pressure
• Emergency: Torsion (twisting of the stalk) can cause severe pain and requires urgent treatment
• Treatment: Observation for small, symptom-free fibroids; laparoscopic myomectomy when indicated
• Recovery: Usually home within 1–2 days after minimally invasive surgery

A seedling fibroid is a very small uterine fibroid, usually less than 1 cm in size. These tiny fibroids are often discovered during a routine pelvic ultrasound and, in most cases, do not cause symptoms or require immediate treatment.

For many women, regular monitoring with periodic follow-up is all that's needed to ensure the fibroid remains stable.

The main exception is when a small fibroid develops inside the uterine cavity (FIGO Type 0). Even though it may measure only 1 cm, its location can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, difficulty conceiving, recurrent miscarriage, or reduced IVF success.

This is why the location of a fibroid is often more important than its size.

Your specialist will evaluate the FIGO classification, symptoms, and fertility goals before deciding whether treatment is necessary.

The most important test for diagnosing uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) is an ultrasound scan.

Blood tests to check for iron deficiency anaemia and haemoglobin levels are also routine. A biopsy is almost never needed to diagnose a fibroid.

Good to know: A comprehensive gynaecological or infertility assessment at a specialist centre gives you a complete picture in one visit: fibroid mapping, haemoglobin check, endometrial evaluation, and fertility assessment all together.

3D Fibroid Mapping is a specialist ultrasound that creates a precise three-dimensional picture of every leiomyoma in the womb, including its FIGO type, exact location, and whether it is touching the endometrial cavity.

A regular ultrasound scan is like a photograph. It shows that a myoma exists, but it does not always show whether the fibroid is pressing into the endometrial cavity where a baby would implant.

The 3D Fibroid Map is more like a GPS navigation system. It tells the surgeon exactly where every leiomyoma is and how to best remove it. This level of detail makes a significant difference to surgical planning and fertility outcomes.

💡 Doctor's Tip:

Even if you have already had a standard ultrasound, asking for a 3D Fibroid Map before any surgery or IVF cycle can reveal FIGO Type 1 or Type 2 fibroids (near the cavity) that the standard scan missed.

A saline infusion scan, also called sonohysterography or saline sonography, is a test where a small amount of salt water is gently passed into the womb during an ultrasound to make the endometrial cavity easier to see, helping detect tiny submucosal fibroids that a regular scan misses.

It is a short, outpatient procedure, and most women describe it as mild cramping, similar to period pain.

Sonohysterography is recommended when there is any concern about a small submucosal leiomyoma inside the womb cavity that could be affecting fertility or IVF outcomes.

Not always. Most women with uterine fibroids can be accurately diagnosed using a pelvic ultrasound. An MRI scan is usually recommended only in specific situations where more detailed imaging is needed.

Your doctor may advise an MRI if:

• You have very large fibroids (typically larger than 10–15 cm).
• There are multiple fibroids, making surgical planning more complex.
• The diagnosis is unclear and needs to distinguish between fibroids and adenomyosis.
• There is suspicion of fibroid degeneration (such as red, hyaline, or cystic degeneration).
• The appearance of the growth is unusual and requires further evaluation.
• Detailed mapping is needed before advanced laparoscopic or fertility-preserving surgery.

MRI provides highly detailed images of the uterus, myometrium, and endometrial cavity, helping your specialist accurately assess the number, size, and location of fibroids.

It is also particularly valuable for diagnosing adenomyosis, determining its severity, and planning the most appropriate treatment, whether that involves medication, fertility-preserving surgery, or other personalised management options.

The right treatment for uterine fibroids depends on several factors, including the type (FIGO classification), size, location, your symptoms, and whether you plan to have children in the future.

Because every woman is different, treatment should always be personalised rather than based on the fibroid's size alone.

Treatment principle at Shree IVF Clinic Mumbai

At our clinic, we do not recommend surgery unless it is clearly needed. If monitoring is the right option for you, that is what we will advise.

Every treatment recommendation is made based on your specific fibroid map, FIGO type, your symptoms, and your goals.  

No. Most women with uterine fibroids do not require surgery.

If a fibroid is small, symptom-free, and does not affect the uterine cavity or fertility, regular monitoring is often the most appropriate approach.

Your specialist may recommend periodic ultrasound examinations every 6 to 12 months to check for any changes.

Surgery is usually considered only when fibroids:

• Cause heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Lead to severe pelvic pain or pressure
• Contribute to infertility or recurrent miscarriage
• Grow large enough to press on the bladder or bowel.
• Continue to enlarge or significantly affect your quality of life

Yes, but only temporarily. Medicines can help reduce the size of uterine fibroids and relieve symptoms, but they cannot permanently remove fibroids or cure the condition.

Hormonal medications, particularly GnRH agonists (such as leuprolide injections or hormone-blocking tablets), are commonly used for 3 to 6 months to:

• Control heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
• Improve iron deficiency anaemia before surgery
• Temporarily shrink fibroids before a planned operation
• Relieve symptoms while preparing for treatment

These medications work by temporarily lowering estrogen levels, causing fibroids to shrink.

However, once the treatment is stopped, fibroids usually return to their previous size.

Hysteroscopic myomectomy (also called transcervical resection of fibroid, or TCRF) is a surgery to remove submucosal fibroids inside the endometrial cavity through the vagina, with no cuts on the tummy and no visible scars.

A thin hysteroscope (a tube with a camera) is passed gently through the vagina and cervix into the womb.

The leiomyoma is then removed using a resectoscope or special instruments through the same tube.

The whole procedure takes 30 to 60 minutes. Most patients go home the next day and notice lighter periods (reduced menorrhagia) from their very next cycle.

What to expect:

• No cuts on the tummy
• No visible scars
• Home within 24 hours
• Lighter periods (menorrhagia resolved) from the next cycle
• Safe to try for pregnancy after 1 to 3 months

Laparoscopic myomectomy is keyhole surgery to remove intramural and subserosal leiomyomas from the myometrium or outer surface of the womb through 3 to 4 very small cuts in the lower tummy, each about the size of a fingertip.

A tiny laparoscope (camera) and instruments are passed through these small cuts.

The fibroid is carefully removed, and the myometrium is stitched back in layers, the same technique used in open surgery but through tiny openings.

The procedure typically takes 1 to 3 hours depending on the number and size of leiomyomas.

What to expect:

• 3 to 4 tiny cuts, each about 5 to 10 mm
• Home in 1 to 2 days
• Back to light work in 1 week
• Full routine in 2 to 3 weeks
• Safe to try for pregnancy after 4 to 6 months

Robotic myomectomy uses a robotic system controlled by the surgeon to perform laparoscopic myomectomy with greater precision and a magnified 3D view of the myometrium and surrounding structures.

The results and recovery are similar to standard keyhole myomectomy.

Robotic surgery is most useful for deeply buried intramural leiomyomas, multiple fibroids needing individual removal, or cases where standard laparoscopic instruments cannot easily reach. Recovery time is equivalent to laparoscopic myomectomy.

Recovery after fibroid surgery depends on the type of procedure performed, your overall health, and the number and size of the fibroids removed.

Most women recover more quickly after minimally invasive surgery than after traditional open surgery.

Recovery Timeline for Uterine Fibroid Removal

Not all fibroids affect fertility. Whether a fibroid impacts your ability to conceive depends mainly on its location, rather than its size alone.

The most important factor is whether the fibroid touches or distorts the uterine cavity (endometrial cavity), where the embryo implants and develops.

Key question to ask your specialist: "Is my fibroid touching or distorting the uterine cavity?"
The answer to this question often provides more insight into your fertility than simply knowing the size of the fibroid.

For example, a small submucosal fibroid inside the uterine cavity may interfere with implantation, increase the risk of miscarriage, or reduce IVF success.

In contrast, a larger subserosal fibroid on the outer surface of the uterus may have little or no effect on fertility if it does not distort the uterine cavity.

When a fibroid that may affect fertility is identified, removing it when clinically appropriate while preserving the uterus may improve the chances of natural conception or IVF treatment for selected women seeking fertility care in Mumbai.

Fibroid removal (myomectomy) before pregnancy is strongly recommended when the leiomyoma is inside the endometrial cavity, when it is distorting the shape of the cavity, or when it is above 5 to 6 cm in the myometrium.

In these situations, the risks of miscarriage, premature delivery, and difficulty conceiving are significantly higher.

Removing the fibroid before pregnancy gives you the best chance of a healthy, uncomplicated pregnancy. After laparoscopic myomectomy, most women are cleared to try for a baby after 4 to 6 months.

Yes, submucosal fibroids inside or pressing on the endometrial cavity are a recognised cause of early miscarriage, because they disturb the area where the pregnancy implants and the placenta develops.

Submucosal leiomyomas (FIGO Types 0, 1, and 2) are the type most closely linked to recurrent miscarriage. Even a small submucosal fibroid can interfere with early placental blood flow.

If you have had two or more miscarriages, checking whether a leiomyoma is distorting the endometrial cavity is an important step.

This is one of several factors evaluated in a dedicated recurrent pregnancy loss programme.

Yes, a submucosal fibroid inside or pressing on the endometrial cavity is one of the most common and most correctable causes of repeated IVF failure.

A small leiomyoma of just 1 cm sitting inside the endometrial cavity can prevent a good embryo from implanting.

This type of fibroid is often dismissed as "too small to matter," but in the context of IVF, even a tiny fibroid in the wrong place can be the single factor making the difference.

Before your next IVF cycle, make sure the endometrial cavity has been properly checked with a 3D scan or sonohysterography.

A thin endometrium or distorted cavity from a submucosal fibroid may be contributing to implantation failure.

💡 Doctor's Tip:

At Shree IVF Clinic Mumbai, we evaluate the endometrial cavity in detail for every patient with recurrent implantation failure.

We regularly find small submucosal leiomyomas that were missed on standard scans. Removing these fibroids often turns a pattern of repeated IVF failures into a successful pregnancy.

In some cases, coexisting reproductive immunology factors are also evaluated once structural causes like fibroids have been ruled out.

Book a pre-IVF fibroid evaluation: 1800-268-4000

Fibroids and adenomyosis are two common uterine conditions that often cause heavy periods, painful menstrual cramps, pelvic pain, and fertility problems.

Because their symptoms are similar, they are sometimes mistaken for one another.

Getting the diagnosis right is essential because the treatment for fibroids is different from the treatment for adenomyosis.

For example, a woman treated for fibroids when she actually has adenomyosis may continue to experience pain and heavy bleeding.

Likewise, a woman diagnosed with adenomyosis may not need a hysterectomy if her symptoms are actually caused by removable fibroids

Yes. It is possible to have both uterine fibroids and adenomyosis at the same time.

This is one reason why some women continue to experience pelvic pain or heavy periods even after fibroid treatment.

If your symptoms seem more severe than expected or do not improve with treatment, your specialist may recommend additional imaging to check for adenomyosis.

An experienced gynaecologist can diagnose both conditions using a combination of pelvic examination, 3D ultrasound, or MRI when needed.

Treatment depends on factors such as your symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, the extent of adenomyosis, your age, and whether you are planning a pregnancy.

For women wishing to preserve fertility, personalised treatment aims to relieve symptoms while protecting the uterus and improving the chances of a healthy pregnancy.

This is one of the most common concerns among young women in India.

Many families worry that having fibroid surgery before marriage may affect future fertility or pregnancy.
In reality, delaying treatment for social reasons is not always the safest option.

Fibroids are hormone-dependent and may continue to grow during the reproductive years under the influence of estrogen and progesterone.

A fibroid that is small and easier to treat today may become larger and more complex over time.

Larger fibroids can:

• Cause heavier menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain
• Become more difficult to remove.
• Increase the risk of fertility problems if they distort the uterine cavity or affect the fallopian tubes.
• Require more complex surgery than would have been needed earlier

However, not every fibroid requires immediate surgery.

Many small, symptom-free fibroids can be safely monitored with regular follow-up. The decision should always be based on your symptoms, the fibroid's location, and your future pregnancy plans, not your marital status.

When myomectomy is performed by an experienced minimally invasive gynaecological surgeon, the uterus usually heals well after careful repair of the uterine muscle.

Many women go on to conceive naturally or with fertility treatment after the recommended healing period.

In most women, fibroids gradually shrink after menopause because estrogen levels naturally decline. As a result, many postmenopausal women experience fewer symptoms and do not require treatment.

However, some situations require medical evaluation.

When Should You See a Doctor After Menopause?

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Any vaginal bleeding after menopause, as this is never considered normal even if you have a known history of fibroids. It could indicate endometrial cancer and should always be investigated

• A fibroid that grows after menopause. Leiomyomas should shrink, not grow, after menopause. Growth after menopause needs urgent evaluation to rule out a leiomyosarcoma (very rare cancerous form).

• Persistent pressure on the bladder or bowel that is significantly affecting daily life.

A one-on-one consultation with Dr. Jay Mehta, fibroid specialist at Shree IVF and Endometriosis Hospital, gives you what no online search can: a clear, honest answer about your specific leiomyoma and exactly what you should do next.

What happens at your first visit:

Step 1: A 20 to 30 minute consultation with Dr. Jay Mehta covering your symptoms, menstrual history, haemoglobin levels, and family planning goals.

Step 2: A 3D Fibroid Mapping scan with Doppler, done in the same visit where possible.

Step 3: A plain-language report of your fibroid's FIGO type, size, and whether treatment is needed.

Step 4: A written myomectomy or monitoring plan you can read at home and share with your family.

No pressure. No upselling. If monitoring is the right advice for your leiomyoma, that is exactly what we will tell you.

Call: 1800-268-4000 | 099209 14115 Shree IVF and Endometriosis Clinic, Mumbai, India

Remote consultations available for patients from Pune, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Delhi, and other cities before their in-person visit to Mumbai.