Understanding Adenomyosis of the Uterus

UPDATED ON 15th MAY. 2023

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Adenomyosis is a medical condition that affects the uterus in women, causing painful symptoms and potentially impacting fertility.

This blog post offers an in-depth look at adenomyosis, its implications on the uterus, and the necessary steps to take if you suspect you have this condition.

Structure of the Uterus

The uterus, a critical reproductive organ in women, comprises two primary layers:

Endometrium and Myometrium.

The endometrium, the uterus’s inner lining, undergoes changes during the menstrual cycle. It thickens in preparation for the implantation of a fertilized egg and sheds during menstruation if pregnancy does not occur.

The myometrium, on the other hand, consists of smooth muscle tissues forming the uterus’s muscular wall. A healthy uterus typically measures around 6 cm in length and 4.5 to 5 cm in width.

The anterior and posterior wall thickness of a normal uterus is similar, with only a marginal difference.

Understanding Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis occurs when the endometrial tissue grows into the myometrium, leading to increased muscle thickness. This condition generally affects the posterior wall of the uterus but can occur in other parts as well.

Consequently, the myometrium enlarges, but the endometrium remains unchanged. Medical reports often refer to this condition as “posterior wall adenomyosis.”

During menstruation, the uterus contracts to expel the menstrual blood. In some women, these contractions can cause pain or spasms.

However, in adenomyosis cases, muscle contractions intensify due to the increased muscle strength of the myometrium, causing severe dysmenorrhea (painful periods) and considerable discomfort.

Diagnosis and Consultation

Adenomyosis is usually identified through ultrasound imaging, serving as a diagnostic criterion.

If you suspect that you may have this condition, it is essential to undergo an ultrasound examination. If the results are positive for adenomyosis, consult a gynecologist without delay.

Your gynecologist will evaluate your condition and recommend the most appropriate treatment based on your symptoms’ severity and your overall health.

It is crucial to follow your specialist’s advice and avoid self-medication, as certain medications, like dicyclomine (brand name: Bentyl, also known as “cyclopam” in some countries), can be harmful.

Related Read : Stages of adenomyosis

Treatment Options

Treatment options for adenomyosis depend on several factors, including the severity of symptoms, the woman’s age,

and her desire to have children. Some of the common treatment options include:

• Pain Management :
  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.

• Hormonal Therapy :
  Oral contraceptives, progesterone, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists may be prescribed to regulate hormonal imbalances and alleviate symptoms.

• Uterine Artery Embolization :
  This minimally invasive procedure blocks blood flow to the affected area, reducing the size of adenomyosis and alleviating symptoms.

• Endometrial Ablation :
  This procedure removes or destroys the endometrial lining, reducing heavy menstrual bleeding.

• Hysterectomy :
  In severe cases, surgical removal of the uterus may be recommended as a last resort.

You may also want to read, What Is the Best Treatment for Adenomyosis?

Conclusion

Adenomyosis of the uterus is a medical condition characterized by endometrial tissue growth into the myometrium, causing increased muscle thickness and severe dysmenorrhea.

Early diagnosis and prompt consultation with a gynecologist are vital in effectively managing this condition. Dr. Jay Mehta is a gynecology expert &  fertility specialist in Mumbai. 

If you have any concerns or questions related to adenomyosis, please do not hesitate to reach out.

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