⭐ Key Facts at a Glance — HPV Vaccine in India

What Is It?
A preventive vaccine that trains the immune system to destroy Human Papillomavirus (HPV) — responsible for 99.7% of cervical cancers. Contains no live virus, no viral DNA. Cannot cause HPV infection or cancer.
India's Burden
Cervical cancer kills ~75,000 Indian women every year. India accounts for 25% of global cervical cancer deaths. Australia, which vaccinated universally from 2007, is on track to be the first country to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem.
CERVAVAC — India's Own Vaccine
The Serum Institute of India's indigenous HPV vaccine. Available at approximately ₹2,000–2,500 per dose — making the complete 2-dose schedule accessible to far more Indian families than imported vaccines.
Optimal Age
9–14 years — 2 doses only (not 3), strongest immune response, maximum cost-effectiveness. Vaccination must be given BEFORE HPV exposure. There is no second window at this age. Every day of delay is a missed opportunity.
Does It Cause Infertility?
Categorically NO. Multiple large studies — including one covering 200,000+ women — found absolutely no association between HPV vaccination and fertility outcomes. Confirmed by WHO, DCGI (India), FDA (USA), and every major medical body globally.
Boys Need It Too
HPV causes cancers of the throat (oropharynx), anus, and penis in men — and genital warts. Vaccinating boys also reduces HPV transmission to female partners, amplifying community-level cancer prevention. Gardasil 9 is approved for males.
Vaccine Does NOT Replace Pap Smear
The vaccine prevents 70–90% of cervical cancer-causing HPV types — but not all. Regular Pap smear + HPV co-testing must continue from age 21–25 onwards, regardless of vaccination status. Vaccination and screening are complementary, not alternatives.
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All approved vaccines available. Pre-vaccination counselling. Transparent pricing. In-house Pap smear at same visit.

Cervical cancer kills approximately 75,000 women in India every year. India accounts for nearly 25% of the world's cervical cancer deaths — not because our women are uniquely vulnerable, but because the tools that virtually eliminate this disease elsewhere remain dramatically underused here. Australia introduced universal school-based HPV vaccination for girls in 2007 and is on track to be the first country in history to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. That same future is possible for India.

This guide answers every question a patient, parent, or clinician in India might have about the HPV vaccine — what it is, why it works, how much it costs, the specific social media myths that are preventing Indian girls from getting vaccinated, the complete dosing schedule, what to do after vaccination, whether boys should receive it, and why you should not stop Pap smears after vaccination.

⚠️

The Single Most Dangerous Misconception About the HPV Vaccine in India

Social media is actively preventing girls from being vaccinated through false claims about infertility, autism, paralysis, and cancer. Every claim has been comprehensively investigated by WHO, FDA, DCGI (India), and EMA — and found to have no causal relationship to the vaccine. The HPV vaccine is safe. It prevents cancer. Every day a girl in India is not vaccinated is a day a cancer that could have been prevented is allowed to grow.

The HPV Vaccine — From Vaccination to Cancer Prevention
HPV Vaccine Cancer Prevention — CERVAVAC Gardasil 9 Cervarix India
💉 HPV Vaccine → Immune Response → Lifelong Protection Against Cervical Cancer
One vaccine. Given at the right age. Prevents a cancer that kills 75,000 Indian women every year. Available at Shree Hospitals, Mumbai — all three approved vaccines in stock.
The HPV vaccine contains only a single surface protein from the HPV virus — no live virus, no viral DNA. The immune system creates lifelong antibodies that destroy HPV before it can establish an infection. Available at Shree Hospitals, Mumbai — CERVAVAC (₹2,000–2,500/dose), Gardasil 9, and Cervarix all in stock.
Part 1 — What Is the HPV Vaccine?
1What Is the HPV Vaccine — How Does It Work and What Does It Contain?
Direct Answer: The HPV vaccine is a preventive vaccine containing only a single surface protein (L1 capsid protein) from the HPV virus — no live virus, no viral DNA, no ability to cause HPV infection or cancer. When injected, the immune system creates antibodies that destroy HPV before it can establish an infection. Protection is durable — antibody levels remain high for at least 15 years with no evidence of waning.

The HPV vaccine is a preventive vaccine — meaning it prevents infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV), not that it treats an existing infection. HPV is a group of closely related viruses transmitted primarily through sexual contact. Most people who are sexually active will acquire at least one HPV type during their lifetime — in most cases, the immune system clears the infection completely within 1–2 years without causing any harm.

However, certain high-risk HPV types — particularly HPV 16 and HPV 18 — can establish a persistent infection that, over approximately 10–15 years, causes changes in cervical cells (CIN) that can progress to invasive cancer. HPV is responsible for 99.7% of all cervical cancers — and is also the cause of cancers of the oropharynx (throat), anus, vulva, vagina, and penis, and genital warts.

The vaccine contains virus-like particles (VLPs) — microscopic structures that look like HPV viruses but contain no viral DNA and are completely non-infectious. These VLPs are made from a single surface protein of the HPV virus (the L1 capsid protein), produced through recombinant DNA technology. When injected, the immune system mounts a strong antibody response against the VLP — creating protective immunity that neutralises the actual HPV virus if ever encountered.

🔬

How Many HPV Types Exist — and Which Does the Vaccine Cover?

Over 200 HPV types have been identified. Approximately 14 are classified as high-risk (potentially cancer-causing). HPV 16 and 18 are the most dangerous, responsible for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers. HPV 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 are responsible for an additional 15–20%. Current HPV vaccines in India cover between 2 and 9 of these types — with Gardasil 9 providing the broadest coverage at 90% of cervical cancer-causing types.

HPV Vaccines Available in India — Price Comparison

🇮🇳 Made in India
CERVAVAC
Serum Institute of India | 4-Valent
₹2,000–2,500
per dose
Covers HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
Ages 9–26 (females)
2-dose: ₹4,000–5,000
3-dose: ₹6,000–7,500
Cervarix
GSK | 2-Valent
₹2,500–3,500
per dose
Covers HPV 16, 18
Ages 9–45 (females only)
2-dose: ₹5,000–7,000
3-dose: ₹7,500–10,500
Gardasil 9
MSD / Merck | 9-Valent
₹8,500–10,000
per dose
Covers HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58
Ages 9–45 (male & female)
2-dose: ₹17,000–20,000
3-dose: ₹25,500–30,000
Table 1: HPV Vaccines Available in India — Complete Cost and Coverage Comparison
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Vaccine / ManufacturerTypeHPV Types CoveredApproved AgeDose ScheduleApprox. Cost in India
Gardasil 9
(MSD / Merck Sharp & Dohme)		9-ValentHPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 589–45 years (Male and Female)9–14 yrs: 0, 6 months (2 doses)
15+ yrs: 0, 2, 6 months (3 doses)		₹8,500–10,000 per dose
Cervarix
(GSK — GlaxoSmithKline)		2-ValentHPV 16, 18 (+ cross-protection for 31, 33)9–45 years (Females only)9–14 yrs: 0, 6 months (2 doses)
15+ yrs: 0, 1, 6 months (3 doses)		₹2,500–3,500 per dose
CERVAVAC
(Serum Institute of India — SII)
India's Own Vaccine		4-ValentHPV 6, 11, 16, 189–26 years (Females; male data under review)9–14 yrs: 0, 6 months (2 doses)
15–26 yrs: 0, 2, 6 months (3 doses)		₹2,000–2,500 per dose
Most affordable option — Made in India
Part 2 — What Does the HPV Vaccine Prevent?
2What Cancers and Conditions Does the HPV Vaccine Prevent — Beyond Cervical Cancer?
Direct Answer: Beyond cervical cancer (the primary target), the HPV vaccine also prevents cancers of the oropharynx/throat (increasingly common in men), anus, vulva, vagina, and penis — plus genital warts. Gardasil 9's broader 9-type coverage also prevents 90% of cervical cancers vs 70% for bivalent vaccines. The vaccine is not gender-specific — it benefits both males and females.
Table 2: What the HPV Vaccine Prevents — Cancers, Conditions, and Impact
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Cancer / Condition PreventedVaccine EfficacyWho It AffectsKey Facts
Cervical CancerGardasil 9: ~90%
Cervarix / CERVAVAC: ~70%		FemaleThe primary target. India accounts for 25% of global cervical cancer deaths. Universal vaccination + regular Pap smear screening can virtually eliminate this disease. Caused by HPV 16/18 in ~70% of cases (covered by all vaccines); HPV 31/33/45/52/58 add another ~20% (covered by Gardasil 9).
Oropharyngeal Cancer (Throat / Tonsil Cancer)Gardasil 9: 70–90% of HPV-related casesMale and FemaleThe fastest-growing HPV-related cancer globally — particularly in men. HPV 16 causes >70% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. A 45-year-old man diagnosed with throat cancer today most likely acquired HPV 16 or 18 decades earlier. Vaccination of boys at 9–14 completely prevents this.
Anal CancerGardasil 9: ~90%Male and FemaleHPV 16 and 18 cause >85% of anal squamous cell carcinomas. Anal cancer affects both men and women. Vaccination is highly effective when given before HPV exposure.
Vulvar CancerGardasil 9: ~70% (HPV-related vulvar cancers)FemaleApproximately 40% of vulvar cancers are HPV-related — primarily HPV 16. Vaccination reduces the risk of HPV-related vulvar cancer.
Penile CancerGardasil 9: ~50–60% of HPV-related casesMaleApproximately 40–50% of penile cancers are HPV-related. HPV 16 is the most common type. Vaccination of boys at 9–14 provides durable protection against HPV-related penile cancer.
Genital Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)Gardasil 9 / CERVAVAC: ~90%
Cervarix: NO protection		Male and FemaleCaused by HPV 6 and 11 (low-risk types — not cancer-causing). Genital warts are benign but cause significant physical and psychological distress. Highly effective prevention with quadrivalent and 9-valent vaccines. Note: Cervarix does NOT cover HPV 6 and 11 and provides no genital wart protection.
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP)Gardasil 9 / CERVAVAC: Prevention in newborns if mother vaccinatedNewborns of HPV-positive mothersA rare but distressing condition in which HPV 6/11 causes warts in the airways of infants born to HPV-positive mothers. Maternal vaccination before pregnancy virtually eliminates this condition.
Your daughter is aged 9–14? This is the optimal vaccination window. 2 doses only at this age. Strongest immune response. Maximum cancer prevention. Book at Shree Hospitals today.
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Part 3 — Busting the 10 Most Dangerous Social Media Myths
3Is the HPV Vaccine Safe — What Are the Real Facts Behind the Social Media Myths?
Direct Answer: The HPV vaccine is one of the most thoroughly studied and safest vaccines ever developed. Over 500 million doses have been administered globally since 2006. Every claim about infertility, autism, paralysis, and cancer causation has been comprehensively investigated by WHO, DCGI, FDA, and EMA — and found to have no causal relationship to the vaccine. The safety profile is exceptional.

In India, social media has become one of the most powerful barriers to HPV vaccination. Misinformation spreads rapidly through WhatsApp groups, Facebook posts, and YouTube videos — often citing fabricated statistics or misrepresented anecdotal stories. The consequence is real and measurable: parents who would otherwise vaccinate their daughters choose not to, based on information that is factually incorrect.

Below is a direct, evidence-based rebuttal of the 10 most common HPV vaccine myths circulating in India. Please share this with anyone who has questions or doubts.

🚫 MYTH 1

The HPV vaccine causes infertility and affects ovarian reserve

✅ FACT

This is categorically false and one of the most harmful myths circulating on Indian social media. Multiple large studies — including a study of over 200,000 women published in peer-reviewed literature — found absolutely no association between HPV vaccination and fertility outcomes, menstrual irregularity, or reduced ovarian reserve. The vaccine does not contain any hormone, viral DNA, or any ingredient that could affect the ovaries or reproduction. DCGI, WHO, and every major reproductive medicine society has confirmed: the HPV vaccine has zero effect on fertility.

🚫 MYTH 2

The vaccine causes autism in children

✅ FACT

There is no scientific evidence whatsoever linking HPV vaccination to autism. This myth originated from fraudulent research (later retracted and the author stripped of his medical licence) connecting a different vaccine to autism — and has been erroneously extended to the HPV vaccine. Dozens of large, independent, population-level studies across multiple countries have confirmed no association between any HPV vaccine and autism spectrum disorder.

🚫 MYTH 3

The vaccine is only for girls who are sexually active — giving it to young girls is inappropriate

✅ FACT

The vaccine is most effective BEFORE sexual activity begins — precisely because it prevents HPV types not yet encountered. Vaccinating a 10-year-old girl is not in any way related to sexual activity — it is exactly like vaccinating against hepatitis B (which is also sexually transmitted) in infancy. HPV is ubiquitous and will be encountered at some point — vaccinating early is medically prudent, not culturally inappropriate.

🚫 MYTH 4

The vaccine can cause cervical cancer

✅ FACT

This is physically impossible. HPV vaccines contain only a single protein from the HPV virus (the L1 capsid protein) — they contain no viral DNA and no live or attenuated virus. The L1 protein alone cannot cause HPV infection or cervical cancer. Vaccines stimulate immunity; they cannot cause the disease they prevent.

🚫 MYTH 5

CERVAVAC (Made in India) is inferior to Gardasil because it is cheaper

✅ FACT

CERVAVAC is a genuine medical-grade vaccine that has undergone the same rigorous Phase I, II, and III clinical trials as its imported counterparts. It was approved by the DCGI on the basis of clinical efficacy and safety data. Its lower price reflects India's manufacturing efficiency — not reduced quality. The Serum Institute of India is one of the world's largest vaccine manufacturers, with a global reputation for quality. CERVAVAC protecting against the same 4 HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18) as Gardasil 4, at a fraction of the cost, means it can reach far more Indian girls.

🚫 MYTH 6

Once vaccinated, you never need a Pap smear again

✅ FACT

Vaccination and Pap smear screening are complementary, NOT alternatives to each other. The vaccine prevents 70–90% of cervical cancer-causing HPV types — but not all of them. Regular Pap smear + HPV co-testing must continue from the appropriate age (21–25 onwards) regardless of vaccination status. Women who were vaccinated as teenagers and then stop getting Pap smears are making a potentially dangerous mistake.

🚫 MYTH 7

The vaccine's side effects are severe and include paralysis and death

✅ FACT

The most common side effects of HPV vaccination are minor and temporary: pain/redness at the injection site (very common), mild fever (common), and vasovagal syncope (fainting — particularly in adolescents). These are not dangerous. Reports of paralysis, death, or severe systemic illness allegedly 'caused' by the HPV vaccine have been investigated in every case and found to have no causal link to the vaccine. The DCGI, WHO, FDA, and EMA all confirm the safety profile as excellent.

🚫 MYTH 8

Boys don't need the HPV vaccine — it's only for girls

✅ FACT

HPV infection is not gender-specific. Men who acquire HPV are at risk of cancers of the anus, penis, and oropharynx (throat/tonsil), as well as genital warts. HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer is actually increasing rapidly in men globally. Vaccinating boys also reduces HPV transmission to female partners — amplifying population-level cancer prevention. Gardasil 9 is specifically approved for males.

🚫 MYTH 9

The vaccine is not needed if your daughter is 'a good girl' who won't be sexually active early

✅ FACT

HPV is not a moral issue — it is a public health issue. HPV infection occurs in the context of marriage and long-term relationships, not only casual encounters. A woman who marries a single partner who was previously exposed to HPV can acquire the virus without any 'risk behaviour' of her own. HPV vaccination protects women regardless of their future sexual history — it is cancer prevention, not judgement.

🚫 MYTH 10

The vaccine is experimental and new — we don't know the long-term effects

✅ FACT

The first HPV vaccine (Gardasil 4) was approved in 2006 — nearly 20 years ago. Hundreds of millions of doses have been administered worldwide. Long-term follow-up data from multiple countries (including 15+ year follow-up studies from Australia, UK, and Sweden) confirm both sustained protection and excellent long-term safety. The vaccine's long-term record is now extensive — it is one of the most studied vaccines in history.

4What Is the Global Safety Evidence for the HPV Vaccine?
Direct Answer: Over 500 million doses administered globally since 2006. Approved by WHO, DCGI (India), FDA (USA), EMA (Europe), and regulatory authorities in over 125 countries. Australia shows 77% reduction in CIN 2/3 in 20–24 year olds within 5 years of vaccination. England shows 87% reduction in CIN 3. Sweden shows 63% reduction in invasive cervical cancer. Every major safety committee globally has confirmed the vaccine's exceptional safety profile.
Table 4: HPV Vaccine Global Safety Data — The Evidence Behind the Safety Record
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Safety Evidence CategoryWhat the Evidence Shows
Total doses administered worldwideOver 500 million doses of Gardasil and Cervarix administered globally since 2006. This represents one of the most widely administered vaccine programmes in history — with safety surveillance data from dozens of countries spanning nearly 20 years.
Regulatory approvalsApproved by: WHO (prequalified), DCGI (India), FDA (USA), EMA (European Medicines Agency), TGA (Australia), MHRA (UK), and regulatory authorities in over 125 countries. Every major independent regulatory body in the world has reviewed the full clinical trial data and post-marketing surveillance and confirmed the safety and efficacy profile.
GACVS (WHO's vaccine safety committee)The WHO's Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety has specifically reviewed HPV vaccine safety multiple times. It has consistently concluded that the benefit-risk balance is overwhelmingly positive — the vaccine is safe, well-tolerated, and the serious adverse events alleged to be caused by the vaccine have not been established to have a causal relationship to vaccination.
Long-term follow-up data (10–15 year studies)Multiple countries (Australia, UK, Sweden, Finland, Denmark) have published 10–15 year follow-up data on HPV-vaccinated cohorts. Findings: sustained high levels of antibody protection against HPV 16 and 18 (no booster currently needed based on available data); dramatic real-world reductions in CIN 2/3 rates among vaccinated women; and no new safety signals identified in long-term follow-up.
Population-level impact dataAustralia: 77% reduction in CIN 2/3 in 20–24 year old women within 5 years of school-based vaccination programme. England: 87% reduction in CIN 3 (the most severe pre-cancer) in women vaccinated at age 12–13. Sweden: 63% reduction in invasive cervical cancer in women vaccinated before age 17. India does not yet have equivalent population-level data — but the biological plausibility and effectiveness of the vaccine in the Indian HPV epidemiological context is beyond scientific doubt.
Part 4 — CERVAVAC vs Gardasil 9 vs Cervarix: Which Vaccine Is Right for You?
5Is CERVAVAC as Good as Gardasil 9 — Which HPV Vaccine Should I Choose?
Direct Answer: CERVAVAC and Gardasil 9 are both excellent vaccines — they differ primarily in the number of HPV types covered. Gardasil 9 covers 9 HPV types (90% cervical cancer prevention). CERVAVAC covers 4 HPV types (70% cervical cancer prevention). In terms of manufacturing quality and safety, CERVAVAC meets the same world-class standards. For families where Gardasil 9's cost is prohibitive, CERVAVAC's protection against HPV 16 and 18 is dramatically better than no protection at all.

CERVAVAC (4-valent — made by Serum Institute of India): Covers HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. Prevents approximately 70% of cervical cancers (from types 16 and 18), nearly 90% of genital warts (from types 6 and 11), and HPV-related vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancers from these types. CERVAVAC is a genuine world-class vaccine. The Serum Institute of India is one of the largest vaccine manufacturers globally. CERVAVAC underwent full Phase I, II, and III clinical trials and was approved by DCGI on the basis of non-inferiority data.

Gardasil 9 (9-valent — made by MSD): Covers HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Prevents approximately 90% of cervical cancers (adding 5 more cancer-causing types beyond 16 and 18), the same genital warts protection, and a wider range of HPV-related cancers. For families who can afford Gardasil 9, its broader coverage is an advantage.

✅

The Bottom Line on Vaccine Choice

The best vaccine is the one that gets administered. A family for whom Gardasil 9's cost is prohibitive should absolutely choose CERVAVAC — partial protection from types 16 and 18 is dramatically better than no protection. At Shree Hospitals, all approved vaccines are available and the most cost-appropriate option for each patient is recommended honestly, without commercial pressure.

Part 5 — HPV Vaccination Schedule by Age Group
6What Is the HPV Vaccine Schedule in India — How Many Doses and When?
Direct Answer: Ages 9–14: 2-dose schedule (0 and 6 months) — only 2 doses needed, strongest immune response, maximum cost-effectiveness. Ages 15–26: 3-dose schedule (0, 2, 6 months). Ages 27–45: 3-dose schedule (Gardasil 9 or Cervarix), shared decision with doctor. If a dose is delayed — do NOT restart the schedule. Simply give the delayed dose as soon as possible.
Table 5: HPV Vaccination Schedule by Age Group — India Recommendations
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Age GroupRecommended SchedulePreferred VaccineKey Clinical Notes
9–14 years
(OPTIMAL — Maximum Benefit)		2-Dose Schedule:
Dose 1: Day 0
Dose 2: 6 months later
Minimum interval: 5 months between doses		Any approved vaccine.
Gardasil 9 for broadest coverage.
CERVAVAC for affordability.
Cervarix for females only.		The BEST time to vaccinate. Immune response to 2 doses at ages 9–14 is as strong as 3 doses in older individuals — the young immune system mounts a superior response. Most cost-effective (2 doses = full protection). Vaccination before any sexual exposure means 100% effectiveness against all covered HPV types.
15–26 years
(Still Highly Beneficial)		3-Dose Schedule:
Dose 1: Day 0
Dose 2: 1–2 months after Dose 1
Dose 3: 6 months after Dose 1
(For Cervarix: 0, 1, 6 months)		All three vaccines approved in this age groupStill highly effective even in women who are sexually active — likely not yet exposed to ALL vaccine HPV types. The vaccine protects against types not yet acquired. Completing all 3 doses is essential for full protection.
27–45 years
(Benefit Exists — Shared Decision)		3-Dose Schedule (same as above)Gardasil 9 approved up to 45.
Cervarix approved up to 45.
CERVAVAC — approval for this age group being reviewed.		Benefit is reduced compared to younger vaccination (some prior HPV exposure likely) but still meaningful for types not yet acquired. Women with new sexual partners, or who were not sexually active until later, benefit most. Dr. Jay Mehta provides individualised pre-vaccination counselling for this age group.
Immunocompromised
(HIV, Transplant, Long-term steroids)		3-Dose Schedule regardless of age (even ages 9–14 — NOT the 2-dose schedule)Gardasil 9 preferred for broadest coverageImmunocompromised individuals have impaired ability to clear HPV and are at higher risk of cervical and other HPV-related cancers. They require all 3 doses regardless of age to ensure adequate immunogenicity. HPV vaccines are non-live and safe in all immunocompromised individuals.
Post-CIN Treatment
(After LLETZ or Cone Biopsy)		3-Dose Schedule (if not previously vaccinated)Gardasil 9 preferredVaccination after CIN treatment reduces recurrence risk — HPV infections in areas of the cervix not removed by LLETZ can be suppressed by the vaccine-induced immune response. Evidence supports a reduction in recurrent CIN after vaccination in treated women.
Boys and Men
(Male Vaccination)		Ages 11–26: 3-dose schedule (0, 2, 6 months)
Ages 9–14 (if started early): 2-dose schedule (0, 6 months)		Gardasil 9 — only vaccine currently approved for males in most countries.
CERVAVAC — male approval under review.		Male vaccination is recommended by ACIP, ACOG, and increasingly by Indian paediatric and oncology societies. Prevents HPV-related cancers in men (anal, penile, oropharyngeal) and reduces HPV transmission to female partners.
Part 6 — Post-Vaccination Care: What to Do After Your HPV Injection
7What Happens After the HPV Vaccine Injection — What Side Effects Should I Expect?
Direct Answer: The most common side effects are minor and temporary: injection site pain and redness (80–90% of recipients, resolves in 1–3 days), mild fever (10–15%), headache and fatigue (15–20%), and vasovagal fainting in adolescents (5–10%, which is why you sit for 15 minutes after the injection). Serious allergic reactions are extremely rare — approximately 1 in 1,000,000 doses. All vaccination recipients at Shree Hospitals sit in the observation area for 15 minutes after every dose.
Table 6: Post-Vaccination Care Guide — Reactions, Frequency, and What to Do
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Reaction / ConsiderationFrequencyWhat to Do — Practical Guidance
Injection site pain, redness, and swellingVery Common — 80–90% of recipients. Mild to moderate. Resolves within 1–3 days.This is a normal immune response — the body is reacting to the vaccine and building immunity. Apply a cool ice pack (wrapped in cloth) to the injection site for 15–20 minutes, 3–4 times in the first 24 hours. Avoid vigorous use of the injected arm for 24 hours. Paracetamol (not ibuprofen in children under 12) if tenderness is significant. Do NOT massage the injection site.
Fainting / Dizziness / Vasovagal SyncopeCommon (5–10%) — Particularly in adolescents and teenagers.PREVENTION: Always sit or lie down for 15 minutes after vaccination. At Shree Hospitals, all vaccine recipients are asked to remain seated in the waiting area for a minimum of 15 minutes after each injection. Do not drive immediately after vaccination. If you feel dizzy — lie down immediately, elevate the legs, and call for assistance.
Mild Fever (Low-grade)Common — Seen in 10–15% of recipients. Usually <38.5°C. Lasts 1–2 days.Take paracetamol 500mg–1g (adult dose) every 6–8 hours if fever is uncomfortable. Drink adequate fluids. Rest. This is a normal systemic immune response showing that the vaccine is working. A fever above 39°C or one that persists beyond 48 hours should be reported to the vaccination centre.
Headache and FatigueCommon — Seen in 15–20% of recipients.These are normal systemic immune reactions. Rest for the day of vaccination. Paracetamol for headache. Adequate hydration. Most women return to normal activities the next day.
NauseaUncommon — Seen in 5–10%.Eat a small meal before the vaccination appointment — vaccinating on an empty stomach increases nausea and vasovagal risk. If nausea occurs, drink ginger tea or plain water and rest.
Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis)Very Rare — approximately 1 in 1,000,000 doses. Onset within 15 minutes of injection.All vaccination centres must have emergency equipment and trained staff available for anaphylaxis management. At Shree Hospitals, adrenaline (epinephrine), antihistamines, and oxygen are available at the point of vaccination. Symptoms of anaphylaxis: difficulty breathing, facial swelling, rapid heartbeat, skin rash — call for help immediately if these occur. This is the reason patients remain seated for 15 minutes after vaccination.
Part 7 — HPV Vaccination for Boys and Men
8Should Boys Get the HPV Vaccine — Why Is Male Vaccination Important?
Direct Answer: Yes — absolutely. HPV is not a disease that only affects women. HPV causes cancers of the oropharynx/throat, anus, and penis in men — and genital warts. Vaccinating boys also dramatically reduces HPV transmission to female partners, amplifying community-level cancer prevention. Australia's population data shows that after introducing universal male vaccination (2013), HPV 16/18 prevalence fell dramatically in both vaccinated men AND in unvaccinated women. Male vaccination is a gift to every woman in the community.
Table 7: HPV Vaccination for Boys and Men — The Complete Guide
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Key QuestionThe Answer — Complete and Evidence-Based
Why do boys need the HPV vaccine?HPV infection in men causes: cancers of the oropharynx (throat, tonsil, soft palate), which account for approximately 70% of all HPV-positive throat cancers; anal squamous cell carcinoma; penile cancer; genital warts (caused by HPV 6 and 11 — very common, very distressing). In India, HPV-positive throat cancers in men are increasing — a largely silent epidemic. A man with throat cancer in his 40s or 50s most likely acquired HPV 16 or 18 decades earlier. Vaccination at age 9–14 completely prevents this.
Does male vaccination also protect women?Yes — dramatically. When boys are vaccinated, they cannot transmit the HPV types covered by the vaccine to their female partners. This 'herd immunity' amplifies the cancer prevention benefit far beyond the individual male — it reduces the overall HPV prevalence in the community, protecting women who were themselves not vaccinated. Australia's population-level data shows that after introducing universal male vaccination (2013), HPV 16/18 prevalence fell dramatically in both vaccinated men AND in unvaccinated women. Male vaccination is a gift to every woman in the community.
What vaccine is approved for males in India?Gardasil 9 (MSD) is the vaccine with the broadest approved male indication — covering HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. It is approved for boys and men in the Indian market. CERVAVAC (Serum Institute of India): The manufacturer is pursuing regulatory approval for male use. Check with Dr. Mehta's team at Shree Hospitals for the current approval status at the time of your consultation. Cervarix (GSK): Licensed for females only — NOT approved for males.
Recommended age for male vaccinationAges 9–14: 2-dose schedule (0, 6 months) — ideal age, strongest immune response, lowest cost. Ages 15–26: 3-dose schedule (0, 2, 6 months) — still highly beneficial. Ages 27–45: Shared decision with doctor — protective against types not yet acquired but benefit decreases with age and increasing prior HPV exposure.
What if my son has already been sexually active?The vaccine can still be administered to sexually active males. It will not treat any existing HPV infection — but it will protect against HPV types not yet acquired. The vaccine is not a treatment for existing infection; it is a prevention tool for future exposure. Even in sexually active men, completing vaccination provides meaningful partial protection.
Has your son been vaccinated against HPV yet? HPV causes throat, anal, and penile cancer in men. Gardasil 9 is approved for males at Shree Hospitals. Book today.
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Part 8 — Why Women Across Mumbai Choose Shree Hospitals for Their HPV Vaccine
9What Makes Shree Hospitals Different for HPV Vaccination?
Direct Answer: At Shree Hospitals, the HPV vaccination appointment is integrated into a comprehensive cervical cancer prevention programme — not a stand-alone vaccination service. Pre-vaccination counselling by Dr. Jay Mehta's MCH Gynecologic Oncosurgeon team. In-house LBC Pap smear + HPV DNA co-testing at the same visit. All three approved vaccines in stock. Transparent, ethical pricing. Safe clinical environment with emergency equipment. Cultural sensitivity for Mumbai's diverse population.
Table 8: Why Choose Shree Hospitals for HPV Vaccination
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Excellence FactorWhy It Matters for Your HPV Vaccination
Full-Time MCH Gynecologic Oncosurgeon — Dr. Jay Mehta's TeamWhen you come to Shree Hospitals for your HPV vaccination, you are not just getting an injection from a nurse in a vaccination booth. You have access to a full-time MCH Gynecologic Oncosurgeon — available for pre-vaccination counselling (which vaccine is right for you, your age, your prior HPV history, whether to co-test simultaneously), myth-busting (addressing the specific concerns your family or social network has raised about the vaccine), and post-vaccination follow-up (integrating the vaccination into a complete cervical cancer prevention programme including Pap smear scheduling).
In-House LBC + HPV DNA Testing — Same Visit, Complete PictureAt Shree Hospitals, women aged 21+ who present for HPV vaccination can also have their LBC Pap smear and HPV DNA co-test performed at the same visit — providing a complete picture of their current cervical health status. Women coming for vaccination who have an undetected existing CIN lesion can be identified and managed simultaneously. A woman found to be HPV-positive on co-testing at the time of vaccination will be counselled on the appropriate next steps.
All Approved Vaccines Available — Transparent, Ethical PricingAll currently approved HPV vaccines — Gardasil 9, Cervarix, and CERVAVAC — are available at Shree Hospitals. The choice of vaccine is made based on clinical need and patient preference, not on profit margin. Women are advised on which vaccine is appropriate for their age, sex, and clinical situation — and the most affordable option (CERVAVAC) is actively presented to those for whom it is appropriate.
Dedicated Gynecologic Oncology Department — Complete Cancer PreventionShree Hospitals' Department of Gynecologic Oncology provides the complete continuum of cervical cancer prevention: HPV vaccination, cervical screening (Pap smear + HPV co-test), colposcopy, LLETZ for CIN, and cancer surgery when needed. No referrals to other departments or other hospitals for the next step in your care. One team, one place, the entire spectrum.
Safe Vaccination Environment — Emergency Equipment and Trained StaffAll HPV vaccinations at Shree Hospitals are given in a clinical environment with: trained nursing staff, emergency resuscitation equipment (adrenaline, oxygen, IV access), 15-minute observation period after every dose, and immediate access to the clinical team if any reaction occurs. This is the standard of care that every vaccination deserves.
Cultural Sensitivity — Mumbai's Diverse PopulationDr. Mehta and the Shree Hospitals team communicate in the patient's preferred language, address the specific cultural and social concerns that different communities bring to vaccination discussions, and provide written materials in Hindi, English, and Marathi. The clinic environment is respectful, private, and free of judgement. Women — and parents — who arrive with doubts are welcomed to ask every question they have. No one is pressured or dismissed.

Book HPV Vaccination — Dr. Jay Mehta & Team

Department of Gynecologic Oncology | Shree Hospitals, Mumbai. All approved vaccines available. Pre-vaccination counselling. In-house Pap smear at same visit. Transparent pricing. The HPV vaccine is the gift of a cancer-free future. Book today.

📞 +91-9920914115 📞 Toll-Free: 18002684000

Frequently Asked Questions — HPV Vaccine in India

The HPV vaccine is a preventive vaccine that trains the immune system to recognise and destroy Human Papillomavirus (HPV) — the virus responsible for causing virtually all cervical cancers, as well as cancers of the throat, anus, vulva, vagina, and penis, and genital warts. The vaccine contains a single protein from the surface of the HPV virus — called the L1 capsid protein — which is manufactured in a laboratory. It contains NO live virus, NO viral DNA, and NO ability to cause HPV infection. When injected, the immune system recognises this protein as foreign, creates antibodies against it, and stores the memory — so that if the actual HPV virus is ever encountered in the future, the immune system recognises it immediately and destroys it before it can establish an infection. The result: a vaccinated person cannot develop persistent HPV infection with the types covered by the vaccine, and therefore cannot develop the cancers caused by those types. This protection is durable — antibody levels remain high for at least 15 years (the current extent of follow-up data), with no evidence of waning protection.
The HPV vaccine is strongly recommended because: it prevents a cancer that kills 75,000 Indian women every year; it works best when given before exposure — and exposure happens at a predictable life stage (onset of sexual activity); it is one of the safest vaccines ever developed; and the consequences of not vaccinating — cervical cancer at a young age — are devastating and largely preventable. The WHO, FOGSI (Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India), Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP), and the National Cancer Grid of India all recommend the HPV vaccine as a routine preventive vaccination for girls aged 9–14. India's National Immunization Programme has recognised the vaccine's life-saving potential and is introducing it at the national level. This is not a recommendation made for commercial benefit — it is a public health recommendation because the evidence for cancer prevention is overwhelming, the safety profile is exceptional, and the cost of NOT vaccinating is measured in preventable deaths.
Yes — and the timing relative to her first period is not actually the critical factor. The important consideration is that she should be vaccinated before her first sexual exposure to HPV. The reason to vaccinate at 9–14 is this: the immune system of young adolescents mounts a stronger antibody response to the vaccine than that of older teenagers or adults — meaning 2 doses in this age group provide the same protection as 3 doses in someone aged 15+. It is more cost-effective (2 doses vs 3), produces better immunity, and is administered well before the age at which HPV exposure typically begins. First menstruation is not relevant to vaccine timing. A 12-year-old who has not yet had her first period can be vaccinated. A 12-year-old who has already had her first period can also be vaccinated — neither scenario changes the recommendation. The only absolute contraindication to HPV vaccination is pregnancy. Your 12-year-old daughter should have her first dose as soon as possible if she has not already been vaccinated.
CERVAVAC and Gardasil 9 are both excellent HPV vaccines but they are not identical — they differ primarily in the number of HPV types they cover. CERVAVAC (4-valent — made by Serum Institute of India): Covers HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. Prevents approximately 70% of cervical cancers. In terms of quality, manufacturing standards, and safety: CERVAVAC is a genuinely world-class vaccine. The Serum Institute of India is one of the largest vaccine manufacturers globally. CERVAVAC underwent full Phase I, II, and III clinical trials and was approved by DCGI on the basis of non-inferiority data. Gardasil 9 (9-valent — made by MSD): Covers HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Prevents approximately 90% of cervical cancers (adding 5 more cancer-causing types beyond 16 and 18). For families who can afford Gardasil 9, its broader coverage is an advantage. For families where CERVAVAC's lower cost makes vaccination feasible when Gardasil 9 would not be, CERVAVAC's protection against HPV 16 and 18 (the most common cancer-causing types) is an enormously valuable cancer prevention.
Yes — and this is one of the most important points to clarify, because many sexually active women (and their doctors) wrongly believe that vaccination is no longer useful after sexual activity has begun. The vaccine protects against HPV types not yet acquired. Most sexually active women — especially younger women — have not yet been exposed to ALL the HPV types covered by the vaccine. Vaccination against the types not yet encountered still provides meaningful cancer protection. Studies confirm: women who are vaccinated even after becoming sexually active show significant reductions in CIN rates — not as dramatic as in never-exposed adolescents, but clinically important. The practical guidance: vaccination is appropriate and beneficial for sexually active women up to age 45 (Gardasil 9, Cervarix) or up to 26 (CERVAVAC). A positive HPV test does NOT mean vaccination should not be given. Sexual activity does not disqualify anyone from HPV vaccination. Please speak to Dr. Mehta's team for a personalised assessment.
1. Stay seated for 15 minutes: Vasovagal syncope (fainting from a nervous system response) is the most clinically significant common reaction — particularly in teenagers. Staying seated prevents falls and injury. At Shree Hospitals, all vaccine recipients wait in the observation area for 15 minutes. 2. Ice pack for injection site pain: A cold pack (wrapped in cloth) reduces local pain and swelling. 3. Paracetamol for fever or general discomfort: If you develop a mild fever or headache in the 24–48 hours after vaccination, paracetamol is safe and effective. Avoid strenuous exercise on vaccination day. 4. Record your next dose date: Write it in your phone calendar and on your vaccination card. The 2nd and 3rd doses are as important as the first. 5. Continue normal activities from the next day: There is no need to restrict activity after the observation period. 6. Report any unusual reaction: While serious reactions are extremely rare, contact Shree Hospitals at +91-9920914115 if you have any concerns in the days following vaccination.
No — this is categorically false, and it is one of the most damaging myths about the HPV vaccine circulating in India. Multiple large-scale studies have specifically examined this question: A 2018 study published in Vaccine involving 200,000+ women found no difference in fertility outcomes (pregnancy rates, time to conception, live births) between HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated women. A 2020 study found no association between HPV vaccination and diminished ovarian reserve (as measured by AMH). Every major fertility and reproductive medicine society — ACOG, RCOG, FOGSI — has issued clear statements confirming that HPV vaccination has no effect on ovarian function, fertility, or menstrual cycles. The HPV vaccine contains a single surface protein from the HPV virus. It does not contain hormones, ovarian antigens, or any ingredient that could interact with reproductive organs. There is no biological mechanism by which it could cause infertility. The myth is false. It is dangerous because it prevents girls from receiving a potentially life-saving vaccine.
Yes — and this recommendation comes from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), ACIP (USA), ACOG, and increasingly from Indian paediatric oncology societies. HPV causes cancers in men — particularly cancers of the oropharynx (throat and tonsils), which are increasing rapidly in India; anal cancer; and penile cancer. It also causes genital warts (highly distressing). HPV vaccination in a 16-year-old boy provides personal protection against these cancers and conditions — AND protects his future female partners by reducing HPV transmission. The recommended vaccine for males in India is Gardasil 9 — which covers 9 HPV types including types 6 and 11 (genital warts) and types 16 and 18 (the most cancer-causing types). CERVAVAC's approval for males is under review — check current status with Dr. Mehta's team. For a 16-year-old: 3-dose schedule (0, 2, 6 months). Call +91-9920914115 to book a consultation with Dr. Mehta's team for vaccination and counselling for your son.
Based on current evidence — no booster is required. Long-term follow-up studies (up to 15 years from the original clinical trials) show that HPV 16/18 antibody levels in vaccinated individuals remain significantly elevated — above the levels thought necessary for protection — without any booster dose. There is no evidence of waning immune protection within the current follow-up period. However, if you were vaccinated with an older bivalent vaccine (Cervarix — covering HPV 16 and 18 only) and are considering broader protection from the additional HPV types covered by Gardasil 9 (types 31, 33, 45, 52, 58), you may wish to discuss with Dr. Mehta whether additional vaccination with Gardasil 9 is appropriate based on your current age and risk factors. In all cases: HPV vaccination does not replace Pap smear screening. Ensure you are up to date with your LBC + HPV co-test regardless of your vaccination history.
Yes — CERVAVAC (Serum Institute of India's quadrivalent HPV vaccine) is the most affordable option currently available in India, at approximately ₹2,000–2,500 per dose. For a girl aged 9–14 receiving the 2-dose schedule: total cost approximately ₹4,000–5,000 — a one-time investment in cancer prevention. For women aged 15–26 requiring 3 doses: approximately ₹6,000–7,500. CERVAVAC covers HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 — the same 4 types as the older Gardasil 4, providing 70% protection against cervical cancer and 90% protection against genital warts. For families who can afford Gardasil 9 (approximately ₹8,500–10,000 per dose), its broader 9-type coverage (90% cervical cancer prevention) is an advantage. But a family for whom Gardasil 9's cost is prohibitive should absolutely choose CERVAVAC — partial protection from types 16 and 18 is dramatically better than no protection. At Shree Hospitals, all approved vaccines are available. The most cost-appropriate option for each patient's circumstances is recommended honestly, without commercial pressure.
Yes — menstruation is not a contraindication to HPV vaccination. You can receive the vaccine at any point in your menstrual cycle, including during your period. Some women prefer not to come to a medical appointment while menstruating — which is entirely a personal preference. If this is the case, simply schedule the appointment for a more comfortable time in your cycle. However, from a medical standpoint, the vaccine's effectiveness and safety are not affected by the phase of your menstrual cycle. Genuine contraindications to HPV vaccination: Pregnancy (HPV vaccination is not recommended during pregnancy — though accidental vaccination in early pregnancy has not been shown to cause harm, the standard recommendation is to wait until after delivery); severe allergy to a previous dose (anaphylaxis); and acute febrile illness (fever above 38°C on the day of vaccination — defer until recovered). For all other situations — including menstruation, minor cold, mild illness — vaccination can proceed normally.
No — the HPV vaccine does not protect against all cervical cancers. This is important to understand clearly: Gardasil 9 (the most comprehensive current vaccine) covers 9 HPV types responsible for approximately 90% of cervical cancers — that means approximately 10% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV types not covered by Gardasil 9. Cervarix and CERVAVAC cover HPV types 16 and 18 — responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancers. Approximately 30% of cervical cancers are not covered. Additionally, a small proportion of cervical cancers are not caused by HPV at all. This residual risk is the reason Pap smear screening must continue in all vaccinated women. The Pap smear + HPV co-test detects abnormalities from ANY HPV type (and non-HPV causes) — providing the safety net for the 10–30% of cervical cancers that vaccination does not cover. The message: vaccination + screening = the most comprehensive cervical cancer protection available. Neither alone is sufficient.
Yes — the HPV vaccine can be co-administered with most other vaccines at the same time, including the hepatitis B vaccine, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis), meningococcal vaccines, and influenza vaccines. Co-administration does not reduce the immunogenicity (effectiveness) of the HPV vaccine or the other vaccines. It is clinically safe and practically convenient — particularly for adolescents who may have multiple vaccination catch-up needs. If multiple injections are to be given at the same visit, they are given in separate limbs (e.g., HPV in the left arm, hepatitis B in the right arm). This reduces local injection site overlap and is the standard approach. At Shree Hospitals, the vaccination appointment includes a clinical check to identify any other vaccinations that may be due, allowing a co-administration plan that minimises the number of separate visits needed.
No — it is not too late, though the benefit-risk consideration is more nuanced at 42 than at 14. Gardasil 9 and Cervarix are approved for women up to age 45. At 42, you have almost certainly been exposed to some HPV types already — but probably not all 9 types covered by Gardasil 9. For the types you have not yet encountered, the vaccine still provides full protective benefit. Who benefits most at age 42: women who are entering a new sexual relationship (new partner, widowed, divorced, or separated); women who were previously vaccinated with an older bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine and wish to extend protection to the additional types covered by Gardasil 9; and women with HIV or immunosuppression at any age. The vaccine is NOT routinely recommended for all women aged 27–45 — it is a 'shared decision' situation. Dr. Jay Mehta at Shree Hospitals can provide a personalised assessment based on your HPV history, current Pap smear status, and personal risk factors to help you make the most informed decision about vaccination at 42.
Women choose Shree Hospitals for their HPV vaccination for several specific, clinically important reasons: They are not just getting a vaccine — they are getting a comprehensive cervical cancer prevention consultation. Dr. Jay Mehta's team has a full-time MCH Gynecologic Oncosurgeon, available for pre-vaccination counselling, myth-busting, and integration of the vaccination into a complete cervical screening programme. In-house LBC Pap smear and HPV DNA co-testing can be done at the same visit — providing a complete picture of current cervical health alongside the vaccination. All three approved vaccines are available. The advice on which vaccine to choose is based on clinical appropriateness, not profit margin. Cost transparency: pricing is communicated before the appointment. Affordable options (CERVAVAC) are actively recommended for appropriate patients. Cultural sensitivity: The clinical team communicates in the patient's preferred language and addresses the specific myths and concerns that Mumbai's diverse communities bring to vaccination discussions. For women outside Mumbai: online consultations with Dr. Mehta are available — you can discuss which vaccine is right for you, review existing Pap smear results, and get expert cervical cancer prevention advice without travelling to Mumbai for the initial consultation. To book: +91-9920914115 or 18002684000.

Post-Vaccination Follow-Up — Why Vaccination Is Not 'One and Done'

Getting the HPV vaccine is a significant and life-protecting decision. But it is the beginning of a cervical cancer prevention journey — not the end. The most common and dangerous misconception after vaccination is the belief that 'I am now protected from cervical cancer and don't need Pap smears anymore.' This is incorrect and potentially dangerous.

Table 9: Post-Vaccination Follow-Up — What to Do After You Complete the HPV Vaccine Series
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Follow-Up ActionWhy It Matters and What It Involves
Continue regular Pap smear screening (MOST IMPORTANT FOLLOW-UP)Vaccination is NOT a substitute for Pap smear screening. Begin cervical screening at age 21 (cytology) or age 25 (HPV co-testing) and continue every 3–5 years as per guidelines. Vaccinated women still require screening because: (1) the vaccine does not cover all cancer-causing HPV types; (2) some women may have already been exposed to vaccine HPV types before vaccination; (3) non-HPV factors can cause cervical abnormalities. At Shree Hospitals: all women who receive HPV vaccination are counselled on the continued importance of regular Pap smear + HPV co-testing starting at the appropriate age, regardless of vaccination status.
Complete the full vaccination course (All doses as scheduled)Incomplete vaccination provides significantly reduced protection. A 2-dose schedule is approved for ages 9–14 only. Ages 15+ require 3 doses. Women who have received only 1 or 2 doses of a 3-dose schedule should complete the remaining dose(s) as soon as possible — there is no need to restart the schedule if a dose is delayed. At Shree Hospitals: all vaccine recipients are given a printed vaccination record card and reminder phone calls for subsequent doses.
Annual cervical health check for high-risk women (HIV-positive, immunosuppressed, prior CIN)High-risk women — those with HIV, on long-term immunosuppressants, or with a previous history of CIN 2/3 — should have annual Pap smear + HPV co-testing regardless of vaccination status. Vaccination does not reduce the monitoring frequency for women already in a higher-risk category.
Discuss vaccination status with your doctor at every gynaecology visitMany women are uncertain of their vaccination history — particularly if vaccinated many years ago. Bringing your vaccination card to every gynaecology appointment helps Dr. Mehta confirm: the vaccine type received, whether the full dose schedule was completed, whether additional protection from Gardasil 9 might be appropriate, and the current recommendations based on your age and exposure history.

🛡️ HPV Vaccination — Do Not Delay. Act Today.

Any of these situations means you or someone you love should book a vaccination appointment today:

  • Your daughter is aged 9–14 and has NOT yet been vaccinated — this is the ideal age and the best window for maximum protection
  • You are aged 15–26 and have not yet had your HPV vaccine — you are still in the high-benefit window
  • You are aged 27–45 and have not been vaccinated — discuss with Dr. Mehta whether vaccination is appropriate based on your HPV exposure history
  • You have recently had an abnormal Pap smear — ask about vaccination as part of your cervical health management
  • You have completed HPV vaccination but have never had a Pap smear — you still need regular cervical screening
  • Your son is aged 11–26 and has not been vaccinated — HPV vaccination is recommended for boys and young men (Gardasil 9)
  • You have received 1 or 2 doses and have not completed the full course — incomplete vaccination provides reduced protection
  • You had HPV vaccination more than 15 years ago with an older bivalent vaccine — discuss whether Gardasil 9 (which covers 9 types) is appropriate for additional protection
Dr. Jay Mehta & Team | Department of Gynecologic Oncology | Shree Hospitals, Mumbai
📞 +91-9920914115 | Toll-Free: 18002684000
✅ All Approved Vaccines Available   ✅ Pre-vaccination Counselling   ✅ In-House Pap Smear Same Visit   ✅ Full-time Gynec Oncosurgeon
The HPV vaccine is the gift of a cancer-free future. Book today.

Glossary — Every HPV Vaccine Term Explained

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
A common sexually transmitted virus responsible for 99.7% of cervical cancers. Over 200 HPV types exist; approximately 14 are classified as 'high-risk' (cancer-causing). HPV 16 and 18 alone cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers. Most infections clear spontaneously within 12–24 months; only persistent high-risk HPV infection leads to cancer over 10–15 years.
VLP (Virus-Like Particle)
The active component of HPV vaccines — microscopic structures that look like HPV viruses but contain no viral DNA and are completely non-infectious. Made from a single surface protein (L1 capsid protein) of the HPV virus produced through recombinant DNA technology. VLPs trigger a powerful immune response without any risk of infection.
L1 Capsid Protein
The single HPV surface protein contained in the vaccine. Forms the outer shell (capsid) of the HPV virus. When assembled into VLPs, this protein triggers antibody production without containing any viral genetic material. The immune system creates antibodies against this protein that neutralise the actual HPV virus if ever encountered.
CERVAVAC
India's first domestically produced HPV vaccine — a 4-valent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. Developed and manufactured by the Serum Institute of India (SII). Available at approximately ₹2,000–2,500 per dose — significantly more affordable than imported HPV vaccines. Approved for girls aged 9–26 in India. The most cost-accessible HPV vaccination option in India.
Gardasil 9
A 9-valent HPV vaccine manufactured by MSD (Merck Sharp & Dohme). Covers HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 — providing approximately 90% protection against cervical cancer. Approved for both males and females aged 9–45. The most comprehensive HPV vaccine currently available. Approximately ₹8,500–10,000 per dose in India.
Cervarix
A 2-valent HPV vaccine manufactured by GSK (GlaxoSmithKline). Covers HPV types 16 and 18, with some cross-protection against types 31 and 33. Provides approximately 70% protection against cervical cancer. Approved for females aged 9–45. Does NOT cover HPV 6 and 11 — provides no protection against genital warts. Approximately ₹2,500–3,500 per dose in India.
2-Dose Schedule
The HPV vaccination schedule for individuals aged 9–14 years — Dose 1 at Day 0, Dose 2 at 6 months. The young immune system mounts a stronger response, making 2 doses as effective as 3 doses in older individuals. This schedule is more cost-effective and more convenient than the 3-dose schedule. Only available for those who start the series before their 15th birthday.
3-Dose Schedule
The HPV vaccination schedule for individuals aged 15 and above — Dose 1 at Day 0, Dose 2 at 1–2 months (or 2 months for Gardasil 9/CERVAVAC), Dose 3 at 6 months. Required for older age groups where the immune response to 2 doses alone is insufficient for complete protection. All 3 doses must be completed for full protection.
Vasovagal Syncope
Fainting caused by a nervous system response — the most clinically significant common reaction to HPV vaccination, particularly in adolescents. Not caused by the vaccine's pharmacological action — it is a response to the experience of receiving an injection. Prevented by sitting or lying down for 15 minutes after vaccination. Does not indicate a problem with the vaccine.
CIN (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia)
Pre-cancerous change of the cervical epithelium caused by persistent HPV infection. CIN 1: mild dysplasia. CIN 2: moderate dysplasia. CIN 3: severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ — will progress to cancer if untreated. The HPV vaccine prevents CIN by preventing HPV infection. Pap smear detects CIN even in vaccinated women, allowing treatment before cancer develops.
Oropharyngeal Cancer
Cancer of the back of the throat, tonsils, and soft palate. HPV 16 causes >70% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. The fastest-growing HPV-related cancer globally — particularly in men. A 45-year-old man with throat cancer today most likely acquired HPV 16 decades earlier. Vaccination of boys at 9–14 years provides complete prevention of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer.
Herd Immunity
The protection conferred on unvaccinated individuals when a critical proportion of a population is vaccinated — reducing viral circulation in the community. When enough people are vaccinated against HPV, the virus cannot spread freely even to those who were not vaccinated. Australia achieved this threshold within 10 years of universal HPV vaccination — dramatically reducing HPV prevalence in the entire population.
DCGI (Drugs Controller General of India)
India's primary drug regulatory authority — equivalent to the US FDA or European EMA. Responsible for approving vaccines and drugs for use in India on the basis of clinical trial safety and efficacy data. All three HPV vaccines available in India (CERVAVAC, Gardasil 9, Cervarix) have been approved by DCGI following review of clinical evidence. DCGI has confirmed the safety and efficacy profile of all approved HPV vaccines.
GACVS (Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety)
The WHO's independent expert committee that reviews vaccine safety data globally. Has reviewed HPV vaccine safety multiple times and consistently concluded that the benefit-risk balance is overwhelmingly positive. Serious adverse events alleged to be caused by the vaccine have not been established to have a causal relationship to vaccination. GACVS is one of the most authoritative independent vaccine safety bodies in the world.
Genital Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)
Benign growths caused by HPV types 6 and 11 — not cancer-causing types but cause significant physical and psychological distress. Quadrivalent vaccines (CERVAVAC, Gardasil 9) provide approximately 90% protection against genital warts. Bivalent Cervarix does NOT cover HPV 6 and 11 and provides no genital wart protection. Prevention of genital warts is a major quality-of-life benefit of the quadrivalent vaccines.
Medical Disclaimer — IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ. This guide has been prepared by the Department of Gynecologic Oncology at Shree Hospitals for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The vaccine costs listed are approximate reference figures at the time of writing and are subject to change. Please call +91-9920914115 for current pricing at Shree Hospitals before your appointment. Vaccination eligibility, schedules, and product approval status (particularly for CERVAVAC in males) may change as regulatory approvals evolve. Always confirm current availability and approval status with your prescribing doctor at the time of vaccination. The myth-busting information in this guide is based on comprehensive review of published clinical and epidemiological evidence and regulatory safety data at the time of writing. Medical knowledge evolves — always discuss current evidence with your healthcare provider. In an emergency after vaccination, call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department.

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